Lessons Learned from Groundwater Modeling to Support Engineered Solutions for Post-Excavation CCR Basin Water Management
For CCR basins constructed in steam valleys in the southeastern United States and planned for closure by excavation, post-closure groundwater control is often required. Numerical simulations suggest that groundwater elevations may intersect planned final grades, creating uncertainties in future groundwater-surface water interactions and requiring proactive engineered solutions supported by a solid understanding of complex geology and hydrology.
This presentation reviews lessons learned from recent projects in the Carolina Piedmont, emphasizing targeted field data collection, conceptual site model (CSM) development, and iterative numerical modeling to guide closure design. High-quality water level and flow data are critical for defensible hydrologic analysis. Case studies show how heterogeneous and transient site conditions, such as shallow bedrock, uncertain historical channel geometry, evolving basin conditions, and water management, affect groundwater responses, reinforcing the need for a well-defined CSM to support reliable model predictions.
Water budget analysis links field data, modeling, and design by quantifying surface and groundwater contributions, evaluating storm and recharge variability, and identifying controlling factors in model calibration. Catchment basin delineation is critical, as the magnitude of inflow directly affects drainage sizing and long-term performance. Integrating those insights into groundwater models improves accuracy when evaluating closure elements such as groundwater collection systems, stormwater channels, sumps, soil backfill quantities, and performance goals.
By comparing results across multiple projects, this presentation highlights recurring challenges, strategies to reduce uncertainties, and practical considerations in developing effective, regulator-ready engineered designs. These lessons can help streamline future monitoring, design, permitting, and performance evaluation for CCR basin closure across the region.